What is Selenium?
You may not have heard of selenium, though it is vital to your health. Selenium is a trace element made up of proteins essential for the orchestration of biological processes in the human body. It is known for its potent antioxidant activity, which plays a significant role in fertility.
Selenium and Reproduction:
Selenium plays a vital role in reproductive health by counteracting oxidative stress, an imbalance between harmful free radicals and protective antioxidants. Oxidative stress can damage sperm DNA, reduce sperm viability and impair motility. In women, it can disrupt the process of oocyte maturation and embryo development. Research highlights the potential of selenium as a natural antioxidant which can improve fertility for both men and women.
Studies have shown that Selenium deficiency might result in pregnancy complications, such as spontaneous miscarriage, damage to the foetus’s nervous and immunological systems. Conversely, studies find that women with higher selenium levels tend to have higher fertilisation rates during IVF pregnancy.
Together, these findings highlight selenium’s important role in promoting healthy fertility and pregnancy outcomes.
Selenium and Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS):
Emerging research suggests selenium may be beneficial for women with PCOS. Oxidative stress and abnormal lipid metabolism are recognised as pathogenic mechanisms contributing to infertility and abnormal menstruation in patients with PCOS. Selenium combats this by reducing oxidative stress.
There is also growing interest in the connection between PCOS and gut health. Women with PCOS often show an altered gut microbiome, which can influence sex hormone balance. Animal studies suggest that reduced levels of certain gut bacteria in PCOS models may impair the conversion of testosterone to oestrogen, contributing to hormonal imbalances. Selenium’s role in reducing oxidative stress and supporting metabolic function may indirectly help restore balance.
Selenium and Thyroid Health:
Selenium is especially important for thyroid function. The thyroid relies on selenium-dependent enzymes to convert the hormone T4 into its more active form, T3.
Healthy thyroid hormone production supports:
- Metabolic rate
- Heart function
- Digestion
- Energy levels
- Brain development
Because women are more likely to experience thyroid disorders than men, maintaining adequate selenium intake is particularly important.
Food Sources of Selenium:
Selenium comes from a variety of dietary sources. Foods rich in selenium include:
- Brazil nuts (the richest natural source)
- Seafood (shellfish, tuna, salmon)
- Meats (pork, beef, poultry)
- Eggs and grains
Maintaining adequate selenium levels is a simple yet powerful step toward supporting women’s reproductive, hormonal, and thyroid health. By prioritising selenium-rich foods, women can nurture their wellbeing from the inside out.